---
title: Nayib Bukele Secures Path to President for Life in El Salvador
description: "His Excellency Nayib Bukele has often been described as the coolest dictator in the world. El Salvador’s forty-four-year-old president has even embraced the title himself, riding a social-media-infused wave of strongman populism and taking his country by storm. At home, he is the most popular president in Salvadoran history, and all across the region, he has become a model for the iron-fisted ambitions of other Latin American leaders to try and follow. But now, in his seventh year at the head of El Salvador, Nayib Bukele has managed the coup of a lifetime. On Thursday, July 31st, Bukele and his New Ideas Party approved an overhaul to the Salvadoran constitution, with three key changes. Presidential terms will now last six years, instead of five; second-round runoff elections are abolished; and there will no longer be any limits on how many times a president can run for re-election. With the stroke of a pen and a vote in the legislature, Bukele has set the stage to become El Salvador’s President for Life—a position that he could hold, on the basis of his age alone, for over half a century.\n\n## Key Takeaways\n- On July 31st, El Salvador's Legislative Assembly passed a constitutional reform allowing indefinite presidential re-election and extending terms to six years.\n- The New Ideas Party rushed the reform through the assembly in under six hours, passing it nearly unanimously with 57 votes in favor.\n- Bukele's administration has arrested over 85,000 people since 2019, incarcerating an estimated two percent of El Salvador's adult population.\n- In 2021, Bukele packed the Supreme Court with loyalist justices who subsequently removed a long-standing prohibition on presidents seeking consecutive terms.\n- The government recently moved the next presidential election from 2029 to 2027, severely limiting the timeframe for political opposition to mount a coherent challenge.\n- Opposition leaders and journalists, including the leadership of the human rights group Cristosal and reporters from El Faro, have increasingly been forced into exile.\n\n## The Power Grab and Constitutional Overhaul\n\nWhen El Salvador bestowed upon itself a new lifelong dictator, the change felt much less like a seismic shift in modern Latin America, and much more like simple business as usual. Last Thursday, a legislator from Bukele’s New Ideas Party, named Ana Figueroa, introduced a constitutional reform to the legislative assembly. That reform included all the changes previously mentioned: Presidents in El Salvador could be re-elected indefinitely, the presidential term was extended to six years, and elections would be decided by a single round of voting, with no runoffs. The reform spent less than six hours in the Legislative Assembly before it was rushed to a vote, where it was approved nearly unanimously, with fifty-seven votes in favor, and a mere three in opposition. With Salvadorans more focused on the country’s week-long San Salvador celebration, the vote was framed as little more than a procedural matter, meant to save money on elections, make Salvadoran life a little bit easier, and move on with the festivities that really mattered. The entire legislative process was open and shut, in barely as much time as it takes to drive from one end of El Salvador to the other. But the result is a story that is impossible to separate from the life and achievements of Nayib Bukele himself. At the time of the constitutional reform, Bukele was less than two weeks removed from the celebration of his forty-fourth birthday, and just a couple of months into his seventh consecutive year as El Salvador’s president.\n\n## Historical Context and the Security Crackdown\n\nFirst elected in February 2019, Bukele rose to the presidency at a very difficult time for El Salvador, when gangs ran unchecked across urban areas, corruption was endemic to national and local government, and the country’s homicide rates were among the highest in the world. Ever since the time he took office, Bukele has been defined largely by his crackdowns against organized crime, arresting over 85,000 people in a country of just six million, from 2019 through the end of 2024. During that time, Bukele has presided over the construction of a massive prison infrastructure, including the notorious Terrorism Confinement Center, better known as CECOT. An estimated two percent of El Salvador’s entire adult population is currently behind bars, distributed between CECOT and other detention centers across the country. According to advocacy and human rights groups, many of those detainees have been swept up without clear evidence of their involvement in criminal matters, and have essentially been disappeared into a penal system that operates as little more than a black hole. But Bukele’s tangible results, combined with a seemingly innate ability to make a broad populist appeal to the people of his nation, have seen him rewarded generously for those efforts. At present, Bukele’s approval rating in El Salvador hovers around 85 percent nationwide, a staggering popularity in a part of the world where leaders typically become bitterly unpopular after they have had a few years in power. That approval rating sometimes spikes into the nineties, and has yet to drop below seventy-five percent.\n\n## Consolidating Power and Dismantling Opposition\n\nThe figures do not seem to be Putin-style poll-fixing; credible outside pollsters tend to cluster around those same statistics. As for why Bukele draws those kinds of numbers, his results speak for themselves. Today, El Salvador's homicide rates are among the lowest in the region, the economy is growing steadily despite frequent setbacks, and Bukele has waged a very public war against corruption. Meanwhile, Bukele and his allies have used a seamless command of social media and twenty-first-century messaging to hype their successes, wage all-out wars against their critics, and polish up a narrative that suits their political needs. Bukele is widely popular among not just Salvadorans at home, but the Salvadoran diaspora across the globe. In one recent popularity poll, less than two percent of Salvadoran respondents expressed concern about how much power Bukele has concentrated in his own hands. Over the course of the last several months, Bukele has watched as the remaining barriers to his rule have fallen away. After he first took office and gained a supermajority in the Legislative Assembly, Bukele set to work packing the country's Supreme Court with loyal justices, who, in 2021, did away with a long-standing prohibition on presidents seeking consecutive terms. Under the old rules, Bukele would have been able to run for president again after someone else had served in the role, following his first term. In 2024, he ran successfully for re-election and consolidated his control over the nation, with his New Ideas party winning in all but one of El Salvador's forty-four municipalities. Bukele won with nearly 85 percent of the national vote, in a process that also saw him strip funding for the nation's traditional multi-party political system, permanently. This January, the Legislative Assembly re-wrote the rules to amend the constitution more easily, giving Bukele direct control over the process since his New Ideas party holds a supermajority, and will do as he instructs.\n\n## Navigating Controversies and International Relations\n\nOver the last few months, Bukele's government has extended its crackdowns to include some of the last opposition leaders who could have posed a threat to him in the future: prominent anti-corruption leaders, journalists, and the leaders of El Salvador's biggest human rights group, Cristosal. After years investigating prison deaths and the use of torture under Bukele, Cristosal shut down its Salvadoran offices and its leaders and employees fled the country, following in the footsteps of several journalists from the outlet El Faro, who had recently done the same. Internationally, he has started to throw his weight around more actively in regional affairs. The United States, the long-time arbiter of affairs in Latin America and especially on the Central American isthmus, is now led by a very Bukele-friendly president, who has sent hundreds of migrant detainees to the Salvadoran prison system as Bukele offers to build dedicated detention centers for the U.S. His domestic opponents in the media have largely been framed as corrupt agitators, accused of partnership in influence operations alongside USAID. He has proved invulnerable in the face of several recent controversies, including the apparent failure of his nationwide Bitcoin program, reports from El Faro that alleged Bukele of making a secret pact with gang leaders to lower the murder rate, outcry from the nation’s bishops against the decision to allow metals mining, and the eviction of thousands of street vendors from downtown San Salvador. If there is anything in El Salvador that can harm the popularity of Nayib Bukele, then his domestic opponents have yet to find it. With no reason to believe that Salvadorans would punish him for becoming President for Life, Bukele took his opportunity to do exactly that.\n\n## Implications and the Path to 2033\n\nAccording to Nayib Bukele himself, El Salvador’s leader previously claimed he did not intend to run for a third term, citing an agreement he had formed with his wife. During this recent passage of El Salvador’s constitutional reform, Bukele stayed quiet, neither advocating for the reforms while they were in the Legislative Assembly, nor taking any particularly strong stand in justifying them after the fact. But for any political leader across the globe, actions speak far louder than words. While it is technically possible that Bukele has just watched his political allies deliver him a victory that he never asked for, the far more likely possibility is that Bukele quietly orchestrated the process that would make him President for Life. Online, Bukele drew a comparison to European leaders, stating that ninety percent of developed countries allow the indefinite reelection of their head of government, and no one bats an eye. He claimed the problem is not the system, but the fact that a poor country dares to act like a sovereign one. From across his party infrastructure, leaders chimed in. His cousin and the president of the New Ideas Party, Xavier Zablah, stated bluntly that Bukele is the only one who can take El Salvador where the people want to go. On the streets of El Salvador, the reaction was largely muted. When prominent opposition legislator Marcela Villatoro declared that democracy in El Salvador had died, she did it as one of just three dissenting votes on the constitutional reform. Last week's constitutional reform came with one final stipulation: moving the date of the next presidential election, previously scheduled for 2029, to 2027. In practical terms, it ensures that Bukele will stand for re-election to a third term, granting him six years in power, before public opinion is likely to turn against him, and that the country's shattered opposition will have very little time to organize. With that much time to work, and the likely protection of an American Trump administration through early 2029, Bukele will be able to do the dirty work of consolidating power. El Salvador in 2033 could be practically unrecognizable, a place where an opposition candidate simply stands no chance at success even after the public inevitably turns on Bukele.\n\n## Frequently Asked Questions\n\n### What constitutional changes did Bukele's New Ideas Party pass on July 31st?\n\nThe reform, introduced by legislator Ana Figueroa and rushed to a vote in under six hours, made three key changes: it eliminated any limit on how many times a president can seek re-election, extended presidential terms from five years to six, and abolished second-round runoff elections in favor of a single round of voting. It passed nearly unanimously, 57 votes to 3, while much of El Salvador was focused on the week-long San Salvador celebration.\n\n### How did Bukele consolidate judicial and legislative control before this reform?\n\nAfter winning a supermajority in the Legislative Assembly, Bukele packed the Supreme Court with loyal justices who, in 2021, struck down the long-standing prohibition on presidents seeking consecutive terms. In 2024 he won re-election with nearly 85 percent of the vote and his New Ideas party captured all but one of El Salvador's 44 municipalities. In January of this year, the assembly rewrote the rules to allow the constitution to be amended more easily—giving Bukele direct control over the process through his supermajority.\n\n### What is Bukele's security record, and why is he so popular?\n\nSince taking office in 2019, Bukele's administration has arrested over 85,000 people in a country of six million, incarcerated an estimated two percent of El Salvador's adult population, and built the notorious Terrorism Confinement Center (CECOT). El Salvador's homicide rates, once among the world's highest, are now among the region's lowest. Despite criticism from human rights groups that many detainees were swept up without clear evidence of criminal involvement, Bukele's approval rating hovers around 85 percent and has never dropped below 75 percent.\n\n### How has Bukele treated the remaining political opposition and press?\n\nOver recent months his government extended its crackdowns to prominent anti-corruption leaders and journalists. Cristosal, El Salvador's largest human rights organization, shut down its Salvadoran offices after years investigating prison deaths and torture under Bukele, and its leadership fled the country. Several journalists from the investigative outlet El Faro had already done the same. Bukele's administration has framed domestic opponents in the media as corrupt agitators allegedly tied to foreign influence operations, including USAID.\n\n### What does the constitutional reform mean for El Salvador's political future?\n\nThe reform also moved the next presidential election from 2029 to 2027, ensuring Bukele can stand for a third term before public opinion is likely to turn, and leaving the shattered opposition very little time to organize. With his New Ideas party holding a supermajority and controlling the amendment process, and with a friendly Trump administration in Washington through at least early 2029, analysts suggest El Salvador in 2033 could be a country where an opposition candidate has no realistic path to success.\n\n## Related Coverage\n- [El Salvador's Ticking Time Bombs: The Hidden Costs of Bukele's Gang War](https://warfronts.pub/geopolitics/el-salvador-ticking-time-bombs-bukele-gang-war)\n- [Donald Trump Has Cut Off Venezuelan Oil](https://warfronts.pub/conflicts/donald-trump-has-cut-off-venezuelan-oil)\n- [Sudan's Forgotten War: Why the World Looks Away](https://warfronts.pub/conflicts/sudans-forgotten-war)\n- [The Gen-Z Protest Contagion: Why Youth Uprisings Are Sweeping the Global South](https://warfronts.pub/geopolitics/gen-z-protest-contagion-global-south-unrest)\n- [Trump Captures Maduro: Understanding the Implications](https://warfronts-prod.fulcrum-labs.workers.dev/geopolitics/trump-captures-maduro)\n\n## Sources\n1. <https://english.elpais.com/international/2025-06-03/bukele-maintains-his-enormous-popularity-despite-his-image-as-a-dictator.html>\n2. <https://time.com/7015751/entrevista-presidente-nayib-bukele/>\n3. <https://www.nytimes.com/2025/07/17/world/americas/el-salvador-cristosal-closes.html>\n4. <https://apnews.com/article/el-salvador-nayib-bukele-reelection-f9efd1a08d3c9de2f886f7b911b9417d>\n5. <https://www.economist.com/the-americas/2025/08/02/nayib-bukele-could-now-rule-el-salvador-for-life>\n6. <https://www.nytimes.com/2025/08/04/world/americas/el-salvador-president-bukele-term-limits.html>\n7. <https://www.nytimes.com/2025/08/01/world/americas/el-salvador-bukele-term-limits.html>\n8. <https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/aug/01/el-salvador-bukele-presidential-term-limits>\n9. <https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/leader-life-el-salvadors-bukele-headed-that-way-critics-say-2025-08-02/>\n10. <https://english.elpais.com/international/2025-08-04/nayib-bukeles-latest-power-grab.html>\n11. <https://apnews.com/article/el-salvador-bukele-term-limits-b6ea5e72137ecdfa2bd826aa4e06d63d>\n12. <https://www.ft.com/content/703c0e31-bc72-4649-b837-61e69e351a17>\n13. <https://www.dw.com/en/el-salvador-approves-indefinite-presidential-reelection/a-73491428>\n\n[1]: https://english.elpais.com/international/2025-06-03/bukele-maintains-his-enormous-popularity-despite-his-image-as-a-dictator.html\n[2]: https://time.com/7015751/entrevista-presidente-nayib-bukele/\n[3]: https://www.nytimes.com/2025/07/17/world/americas/el-salvador-cristosal-closes.html\n[4]: https://apnews.com/article/el-salvador-nayib-bukele-reelection-f9efd1a08d3c9de2f886f7b911b9417d\n[5]: https://www.economist.com/the-americas/2025/08/02/nayib-bukele-could-now-rule-el-salvador-for-life\n[6]: https://www.nytimes.com/2025/08/04/world/americas/el-salvador-president-bukele-term-limits.html\n[7]: https://www.nytimes.com/2025/08/01/world/americas/el-salvador-bukele-term-limits.html\n[8]: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/aug/01/el-salvador-bukele-presidential-term-limits\n[9]: https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/leader-life-el-salvadors-bukele-headed-that-way-critics-say-2025-08-02/\n[10]: https://english.elpais.com/international/2025-08-04/nayib-bukeles-latest-power-grab.html\n[11]: https://apnews.com/article/el-salvador-bukele-term-limits-b6ea5e72137ecdfa2bd826aa4e06d63d\n[12]: https://www.ft.com/content/703c0e31-bc72-4649-b837-61e69e351a17\n[13]: https://www.dw.com/en/el-salvador-approves-indefinite-presidential-reelection/a-73491428\n\n<!-- youtube:3_6Kwm0E1IA -->"
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datePublished: 2026-03-04
dateModified: 2026-03-04
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<!-- aeo:section start="lede" -->
His Excellency Nayib Bukele has often been described as the coolest dictator in the world. El Salvador’s forty-four-year-old president has even embraced the title himself, riding a social-media-infused wave of strongman populism and taking his country by storm. At home, he is the most popular president in Salvadoran history, and all across the region, he has become a model for the iron-fisted ambitions of other Latin American leaders to try and follow. But now, in his seventh year at the head of El Salvador, Nayib Bukele has managed the coup of a lifetime. On Thursday, July 31st, Bukele and his New Ideas Party approved an overhaul to the Salvadoran constitution, with three key changes. Presidential terms will now last six years, instead of five; second-round runoff elections are abolished; and there will no longer be any limits on how many times a president can run for re-election. With the stroke of a pen and a vote in the legislature, Bukele has set the stage to become El Salvador’s President for Life—a position that he could hold, on the basis of his age alone, for over half a century.

<!-- aeo:section end="lede" -->
<!-- aeo:section start="key-takeaways" -->
## Key Takeaways
- On July 31st, El Salvador's Legislative Assembly passed a constitutional reform allowing indefinite presidential re-election and extending terms to six years.
- The New Ideas Party rushed the reform through the assembly in under six hours, passing it nearly unanimously with 57 votes in favor.
- Bukele's administration has arrested over 85,000 people since 2019, incarcerating an estimated two percent of El Salvador's adult population.
- In 2021, Bukele packed the Supreme Court with loyalist justices who subsequently removed a long-standing prohibition on presidents seeking consecutive terms.
- The government recently moved the next presidential election from 2029 to 2027, severely limiting the timeframe for political opposition to mount a coherent challenge.
- Opposition leaders and journalists, including the leadership of the human rights group Cristosal and reporters from El Faro, have increasingly been forced into exile.

<!-- aeo:section end="key-takeaways" -->
<!-- aeo:section start="the-power-grab-and-constitutional-overhaul" -->
## The Power Grab and Constitutional Overhaul

When El Salvador bestowed upon itself a new lifelong dictator, the change felt much less like a seismic shift in modern Latin America, and much more like simple business as usual. Last Thursday, a legislator from Bukele’s New Ideas Party, named Ana Figueroa, introduced a constitutional reform to the legislative assembly. That reform included all the changes previously mentioned: Presidents in El Salvador could be re-elected indefinitely, the presidential term was extended to six years, and elections would be decided by a single round of voting, with no runoffs. The reform spent less than six hours in the Legislative Assembly before it was rushed to a vote, where it was approved nearly unanimously, with fifty-seven votes in favor, and a mere three in opposition. With Salvadorans more focused on the country’s week-long San Salvador celebration, the vote was framed as little more than a procedural matter, meant to save money on elections, make Salvadoran life a little bit easier, and move on with the festivities that really mattered. The entire legislative process was open and shut, in barely as much time as it takes to drive from one end of El Salvador to the other. But the result is a story that is impossible to separate from the life and achievements of Nayib Bukele himself. At the time of the constitutional reform, Bukele was less than two weeks removed from the celebration of his forty-fourth birthday, and just a couple of months into his seventh consecutive year as El Salvador’s president.

<!-- aeo:section end="the-power-grab-and-constitutional-overhaul" -->
<!-- aeo:section start="historical-context-and-the-security-crackdown" -->
## Historical Context and the Security Crackdown

First elected in February 2019, Bukele rose to the presidency at a very difficult time for El Salvador, when gangs ran unchecked across urban areas, corruption was endemic to national and local government, and the country’s homicide rates were among the highest in the world. Ever since the time he took office, Bukele has been defined largely by his crackdowns against organized crime, arresting over 85,000 people in a country of just six million, from 2019 through the end of 2024. During that time, Bukele has presided over the construction of a massive prison infrastructure, including the notorious Terrorism Confinement Center, better known as CECOT. An estimated two percent of El Salvador’s entire adult population is currently behind bars, distributed between CECOT and other detention centers across the country. According to advocacy and human rights groups, many of those detainees have been swept up without clear evidence of their involvement in criminal matters, and have essentially been disappeared into a penal system that operates as little more than a black hole. But Bukele’s tangible results, combined with a seemingly innate ability to make a broad populist appeal to the people of his nation, have seen him rewarded generously for those efforts. At present, Bukele’s approval rating in El Salvador hovers around 85 percent nationwide, a staggering popularity in a part of the world where leaders typically become bitterly unpopular after they have had a few years in power. That approval rating sometimes spikes into the nineties, and has yet to drop below seventy-five percent.

<!-- aeo:section end="historical-context-and-the-security-crackdown" -->
<!-- aeo:section start="consolidating-power-and-dismantling-opposition" -->
## Consolidating Power and Dismantling Opposition

The figures do not seem to be Putin-style poll-fixing; credible outside pollsters tend to cluster around those same statistics. As for why Bukele draws those kinds of numbers, his results speak for themselves. Today, El Salvador's homicide rates are among the lowest in the region, the economy is growing steadily despite frequent setbacks, and Bukele has waged a very public war against corruption. Meanwhile, Bukele and his allies have used a seamless command of social media and twenty-first-century messaging to hype their successes, wage all-out wars against their critics, and polish up a narrative that suits their political needs. Bukele is widely popular among not just Salvadorans at home, but the Salvadoran diaspora across the globe. In one recent popularity poll, less than two percent of Salvadoran respondents expressed concern about how much power Bukele has concentrated in his own hands. Over the course of the last several months, Bukele has watched as the remaining barriers to his rule have fallen away. After he first took office and gained a supermajority in the Legislative Assembly, Bukele set to work packing the country's Supreme Court with loyal justices, who, in 2021, did away with a long-standing prohibition on presidents seeking consecutive terms. Under the old rules, Bukele would have been able to run for president again after someone else had served in the role, following his first term. In 2024, he ran successfully for re-election and consolidated his control over the nation, with his New Ideas party winning in all but one of El Salvador's forty-four municipalities. Bukele won with nearly 85 percent of the national vote, in a process that also saw him strip funding for the nation's traditional multi-party political system, permanently. This January, the Legislative Assembly re-wrote the rules to amend the constitution more easily, giving Bukele direct control over the process since his New Ideas party holds a supermajority, and will do as he instructs.

<!-- aeo:section end="consolidating-power-and-dismantling-opposition" -->
<!-- aeo:section start="navigating-controversies-and-international-relations" -->
## Navigating Controversies and International Relations

Over the last few months, Bukele's government has extended its crackdowns to include some of the last opposition leaders who could have posed a threat to him in the future: prominent anti-corruption leaders, journalists, and the leaders of El Salvador's biggest human rights group, Cristosal. After years investigating prison deaths and the use of torture under Bukele, Cristosal shut down its Salvadoran offices and its leaders and employees fled the country, following in the footsteps of several journalists from the outlet El Faro, who had recently done the same. Internationally, he has started to throw his weight around more actively in regional affairs. The United States, the long-time arbiter of affairs in Latin America and especially on the Central American isthmus, is now led by a very Bukele-friendly president, who has sent hundreds of migrant detainees to the Salvadoran prison system as Bukele offers to build dedicated detention centers for the U.S. His domestic opponents in the media have largely been framed as corrupt agitators, accused of partnership in influence operations alongside USAID. He has proved invulnerable in the face of several recent controversies, including the apparent failure of his nationwide Bitcoin program, reports from El Faro that alleged Bukele of making a secret pact with gang leaders to lower the murder rate, outcry from the nation’s bishops against the decision to allow metals mining, and the eviction of thousands of street vendors from downtown San Salvador. If there is anything in El Salvador that can harm the popularity of Nayib Bukele, then his domestic opponents have yet to find it. With no reason to believe that Salvadorans would punish him for becoming President for Life, Bukele took his opportunity to do exactly that.

<!-- aeo:section end="navigating-controversies-and-international-relations" -->
<!-- aeo:section start="implications-and-the-path-to-2033" -->
## Implications and the Path to 2033

According to Nayib Bukele himself, El Salvador’s leader previously claimed he did not intend to run for a third term, citing an agreement he had formed with his wife. During this recent passage of El Salvador’s constitutional reform, Bukele stayed quiet, neither advocating for the reforms while they were in the Legislative Assembly, nor taking any particularly strong stand in justifying them after the fact. But for any political leader across the globe, actions speak far louder than words. While it is technically possible that Bukele has just watched his political allies deliver him a victory that he never asked for, the far more likely possibility is that Bukele quietly orchestrated the process that would make him President for Life. Online, Bukele drew a comparison to European leaders, stating that ninety percent of developed countries allow the indefinite reelection of their head of government, and no one bats an eye. He claimed the problem is not the system, but the fact that a poor country dares to act like a sovereign one. From across his party infrastructure, leaders chimed in. His cousin and the president of the New Ideas Party, Xavier Zablah, stated bluntly that Bukele is the only one who can take El Salvador where the people want to go. On the streets of El Salvador, the reaction was largely muted. When prominent opposition legislator Marcela Villatoro declared that democracy in El Salvador had died, she did it as one of just three dissenting votes on the constitutional reform. Last week's constitutional reform came with one final stipulation: moving the date of the next presidential election, previously scheduled for 2029, to 2027. In practical terms, it ensures that Bukele will stand for re-election to a third term, granting him six years in power, before public opinion is likely to turn against him, and that the country's shattered opposition will have very little time to organize. With that much time to work, and the likely protection of an American Trump administration through early 2029, Bukele will be able to do the dirty work of consolidating power. El Salvador in 2033 could be practically unrecognizable, a place where an opposition candidate simply stands no chance at success even after the public inevitably turns on Bukele.

<!-- aeo:section end="implications-and-the-path-to-2033" -->
<!-- aeo:section start="frequently-asked-questions" -->
## Frequently Asked Questions

### What constitutional changes did Bukele's New Ideas Party pass on July 31st?

The reform, introduced by legislator Ana Figueroa and rushed to a vote in under six hours, made three key changes: it eliminated any limit on how many times a president can seek re-election, extended presidential terms from five years to six, and abolished second-round runoff elections in favor of a single round of voting. It passed nearly unanimously, 57 votes to 3, while much of El Salvador was focused on the week-long San Salvador celebration.

### How did Bukele consolidate judicial and legislative control before this reform?

After winning a supermajority in the Legislative Assembly, Bukele packed the Supreme Court with loyal justices who, in 2021, struck down the long-standing prohibition on presidents seeking consecutive terms. In 2024 he won re-election with nearly 85 percent of the vote and his New Ideas party captured all but one of El Salvador's 44 municipalities. In January of this year, the assembly rewrote the rules to allow the constitution to be amended more easily—giving Bukele direct control over the process through his supermajority.

### What is Bukele's security record, and why is he so popular?

Since taking office in 2019, Bukele's administration has arrested over 85,000 people in a country of six million, incarcerated an estimated two percent of El Salvador's adult population, and built the notorious Terrorism Confinement Center (CECOT). El Salvador's homicide rates, once among the world's highest, are now among the region's lowest. Despite criticism from human rights groups that many detainees were swept up without clear evidence of criminal involvement, Bukele's approval rating hovers around 85 percent and has never dropped below 75 percent.

### How has Bukele treated the remaining political opposition and press?

Over recent months his government extended its crackdowns to prominent anti-corruption leaders and journalists. Cristosal, El Salvador's largest human rights organization, shut down its Salvadoran offices after years investigating prison deaths and torture under Bukele, and its leadership fled the country. Several journalists from the investigative outlet El Faro had already done the same. Bukele's administration has framed domestic opponents in the media as corrupt agitators allegedly tied to foreign influence operations, including USAID.

### What does the constitutional reform mean for El Salvador's political future?

The reform also moved the next presidential election from 2029 to 2027, ensuring Bukele can stand for a third term before public opinion is likely to turn, and leaving the shattered opposition very little time to organize. With his New Ideas party holding a supermajority and controlling the amendment process, and with a friendly Trump administration in Washington through at least early 2029, analysts suggest El Salvador in 2033 could be a country where an opposition candidate has no realistic path to success.

<!-- aeo:section end="frequently-asked-questions" -->
<!-- aeo:section start="related-coverage" -->
## Related Coverage
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## Sources
1. <https://english.elpais.com/international/2025-06-03/bukele-maintains-his-enormous-popularity-despite-his-image-as-a-dictator.html>
2. <https://time.com/7015751/entrevista-presidente-nayib-bukele/>
3. <https://www.nytimes.com/2025/07/17/world/americas/el-salvador-cristosal-closes.html>
4. <https://apnews.com/article/el-salvador-nayib-bukele-reelection-f9efd1a08d3c9de2f886f7b911b9417d>
5. <https://www.economist.com/the-americas/2025/08/02/nayib-bukele-could-now-rule-el-salvador-for-life>
6. <https://www.nytimes.com/2025/08/04/world/americas/el-salvador-president-bukele-term-limits.html>
7. <https://www.nytimes.com/2025/08/01/world/americas/el-salvador-bukele-term-limits.html>
8. <https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/aug/01/el-salvador-bukele-presidential-term-limits>
9. <https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/leader-life-el-salvadors-bukele-headed-that-way-critics-say-2025-08-02/>
10. <https://english.elpais.com/international/2025-08-04/nayib-bukeles-latest-power-grab.html>
11. <https://apnews.com/article/el-salvador-bukele-term-limits-b6ea5e72137ecdfa2bd826aa4e06d63d>
12. <https://www.ft.com/content/703c0e31-bc72-4649-b837-61e69e351a17>
13. <https://www.dw.com/en/el-salvador-approves-indefinite-presidential-reelection/a-73491428>

[1]: https://english.elpais.com/international/2025-06-03/bukele-maintains-his-enormous-popularity-despite-his-image-as-a-dictator.html
[2]: https://time.com/7015751/entrevista-presidente-nayib-bukele/
[3]: https://www.nytimes.com/2025/07/17/world/americas/el-salvador-cristosal-closes.html
[4]: https://apnews.com/article/el-salvador-nayib-bukele-reelection-f9efd1a08d3c9de2f886f7b911b9417d
[5]: https://www.economist.com/the-americas/2025/08/02/nayib-bukele-could-now-rule-el-salvador-for-life
[6]: https://www.nytimes.com/2025/08/04/world/americas/el-salvador-president-bukele-term-limits.html
[7]: https://www.nytimes.com/2025/08/01/world/americas/el-salvador-bukele-term-limits.html
[8]: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/aug/01/el-salvador-bukele-presidential-term-limits
[9]: https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/leader-life-el-salvadors-bukele-headed-that-way-critics-say-2025-08-02/
[10]: https://english.elpais.com/international/2025-08-04/nayib-bukeles-latest-power-grab.html
[11]: https://apnews.com/article/el-salvador-bukele-term-limits-b6ea5e72137ecdfa2bd826aa4e06d63d
[12]: https://www.ft.com/content/703c0e31-bc72-4649-b837-61e69e351a17
[13]: https://www.dw.com/en/el-salvador-approves-indefinite-presidential-reelection/a-73491428

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